Which of the following is a potential long-term effect of general anesthesia?

Cognitive dysfunction is a recognized potential long-term effect of general anesthesia, particularly in vulnerable populations such as the elderly. This condition, often referred to as postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), can manifest as memory issues, attention deficits, and impairments in other cognitive functions following surgery. While many patients recover fully, some may experience lingering effects for weeks, months, or even longer after undergoing general anesthesia.

Research has indicated that the combination of anesthetics and surgical stress might contribute to neurotoxicity, particularly in older adults whose brains may be more susceptible to these effects. Factors like preexisting cognitive impairment, the type of surgery performed, and the duration of anesthesia can all influence the risk of cognitive dysfunction.

The other options present conditions that are not typically associated with long-term effects from general anesthesia. Weight gain, skin irritation, and increased metabolism do not align with known sequelae of general anesthesia usage. Hence, cognitive dysfunction is the most relevant and significant long-term effect to consider in the context of anesthesia.